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HISTORY
The end of World War II saw California experiencing a tremendous population
increase, which resulted in the sporadic formation of cities and special
service districts. The results of this development boom became evident
as more of California's agricultural land was converted to urban uses.
Premature and unplanned development created inefficient, expensive systems
of delivering public services using various small units of local government.
Governor Edmund G. Brown, Sr. responded to this problem in 1959 by appointing
the Commission on Metropolitan Area Problems. The Commission's charge
was to study and make recommendations on the "misuse of land resources"
and the growing complexity of overlapping, local governmental jurisdictions.
The Commission's recommendations on local governmental reorganization
were introduced in the Legislature in 1963, resulting in the creation
of Local Agency Formation Commission, or "LAFCOs," operating
in each county except San Francisco.
The Cortese-Knox Local
Government Reorganization Act of 1985 consolidated three major laws used
by California's local governments for boundary changes into a single,
unified law. The Cortese-Knox Act became operative on January 1, 1986.
LAFCO law was further amended by the comprehensive Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg
Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000.
OBJECTIVES
To Encourage The Orderly Formation of Local Governmental Agencies
LAFCO reviews proposals for the formation of new local governmental agencies
and changes of organization in existing agencies. In California there
are 57 LAFCOs working with nearly 4,000 governmental agencies in 57 counties,
500+ cities, and 3,000+ special districts. In Mono County alone, there
are 30 special districts. Agency boundaries, if unregulated, are often
unrelated to one another and sometimes overlap at random, often leading
to higher service costs to the taxpayer and general confusion regarding
service area boundaries.
To Preserve
Open Space and Agricultural Land Resources
LAFCO must consider the effect that any proposal will produce on existing
open space and agricultural lands. By guiding development toward vacant
land within communities and away from open space and agricultural preserves,
LAFCO assists with the preservation of our valuable agricultural and open
space resources.
To Discourage
Urban Sprawl
Urban sprawl can best be described as irregular and disorganized growth
occurring without apparent design or plan. By discouraging sprawl, LAFCO
limits the misuse of land resources and promotes a more efficient system
of local governmental agencies.
To Efficiently
Provide Government Services
The State Legislature has recognized that when areas become urbanized
to the extent that they need the full range of community services, priorities
are required to establish the type and level of service that the community
needs and desires; that community service priorities be established by
weighing the total community service needs against the total financial
resources available for securing community services; and that those community
service priorities are required to reflect local circumstances, conditions,
and limited financial resources. A single multipurpose government agency
is accountable for community service needs and financial resources and
therefore may be the best mechanism for establishing community service
priorities. The Legislature also recognizes the critical role of many
limited purpose agencies, especially in rural communities. Whether governmental
services are proposed to be provided by a single purpose agency, cervical
agencies, or a multipurpose agency, responsibilities should be given to
the agency or agencies that can best provide government services. This
Legislative declaration guides Mono LAFCO's role in encouraging efficient
government service provision.
AUTHORITY
Boundary Changes
LAFCOs regulate, through approval, conditional approval or denial, the
boundary changes proposed by other public agencies or individuals. Mono
LAFCO reviews boundary proposals for consistency with LAFCO law and Mono
LAFCO policies, procedures and guidelines.
Sphere
of Influence Studies
One of the most important charges given LAFCO was the adoption of "Spheres
of Influence" for local governments (1972). A "Sphere of Influence"
is the physical boundary and service area that a local governmental agency
is expected to serve over the next twenty year period. Establishment of
this boundary is necessary to determine which governmental agencies can
provide services in the most efficient way to the people and property
in any given area. The Sphere of Influence requirement also works to discourage
urban sprawl by preventing overlapping jurisdictions and duplication of
services.
A new LAFCO
requirement imposed by the Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000
calls for a service review of municipal services provided in Mono County
as part of the "Sphere of Influence" update process. This review
is to include all agencies that provide services within Mono County.
Initiation
of Special District Consolidations
As of July 1, 1994, LAFCOs have the authority to initiate proposals that
include the dissolution or consolidation of special districts, or the
merging of an existing subsidiary district. Prior to initiating such an
action, LAFCO must determine that the district's customers would benefit
from the proposal through adoption of a sphere of influence or other special
study.
Out of
Agency Service Agreements
Cities and districts are required to obtain LAFCO's approval prior to
entering into contracts with private individuals or organizations to provide
services outside of the agency's boundaries.
RESPONSIBILITIES
LAFCO's are responsible for coordinating logical and timely changes in
local governmental boundaries, conducting special studies that review
ways to reorganize, simplify and streamline governmental structure and
preparing a Sphere of Influence for each city and special district within
each county. The Commission's efforts are directed to seeing that services
are provided efficiently and economically while agricultural and open
space lands are protected.
LEGISLATIVE
GOVERNANCE
Commencing with Section 56000, the California Government Code exists to
provide LAFCO with its powers, procedures and functions. This law gives
LAFCO power to "approve or, disapprove with or without amendment,
wholly, partially or conditionally" proposals concerning the formation
of cities and special districts, and other changes in jurisdiction or
organization of local governmental agencies. In reviewing proposals, LAFCO
is required to consider certain factors such as the conformity between
city and county plans, current levels and need for future services to
the area, and the social, physical and economic effects that agency boundary
changes present to the community. LAFCO is also given authority to make
studies of existing governmental agencies in an effort to improve the
efficiency of urban services.
LAFCO must
also follow the Ralph M. Brown Act.
MONO LAFCO
The Mono LAFCO is composed of seven commissioners with designated alternates.
Two commissioners are appointed by the Mono County Board of Supervisors,
two commissioners appointed by the Town of Mammoth Lakes, two commissioners
are appointed by the Special District Selection Committee (comprised of
independent special districts), and one commissioner representing the
general public appointed by the remaining LAFCO commissioners.
Mono
County LAFCO Commissioners:
- County
- Tom Farnetti
- County
- Byng Hunt
- County
(Alternate) - Vikki Magee-Bauer
- City
- Kirk Stapp
- City
- John Eastman
- Special
District
- Special
District
- Special
District
- Public
Member - Pat Eckart
- Public
Member - John Ross
Mono LAFCO staff services are presently provided by the
Mono County Community Development Department and are funded by Mono County
and the Town of Mammoth Lakes. The commission meets as needed. Current
commission activities include municipal service reviews, sphere of influence
updates, and policy / procedure development. |